Concepts of statistical phenomena

Some Concepts and Definitions of  some statistical phenomena are appended as follow as per statistical phenomena in context world strategy as a whole.

(a)  SOCIAL INDICATORS

Household

A group of persons, related or unrelated, living together and taking food from the same kitchen.

     Dependency Ratio

Dependency ratio has been defined as the ratio of sum of population aged 0-14 years and 60+ years to the population aged 15-59 years expressed as percentage.

Sex Ratio

The ratio of males to females in a given population usually expressed as the number of males per 100 females.

Index of Ageing

Index of ageing is the ratio of old persons of age 60 years and above to the young population of age 0-14 years expressed as percentage.

Literacy

Person who is able to write a simple letter is defined as literate.

Literacy Rate (Age 7+yrs)

Percentage of population of age 7 years and over who write a letter to the total population of the same age-group is the literacy rate.

Adult Literacy (Age 15+ yrs)

Percentage of population of age 15 years and over who write a letter to the total population of the same age-group is the adult literacy rate.

Child- Woman Ratio (CWR)

The ratio of children under five (0-4) years old to women of ages 15-49 is often called the child-women ratio.  This is commonly expressed per 1000.

Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)

GER is the relative number of boys and girls enrolled in the grade I to V in a year to the total population of the age-group 6-10 years expressed in percentages.

Net Enrolment Rate (NER)

NER is the percentage of boys and girls of age 6-10 years enrolled in grade 1-V to the total population of the same age-group.

(b)   FERTILITY  related INDICATORS

Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

The ratio  of live  births in a specified period (usually one calendar year) to the average population in that  period  (normally taken to be the mid year population). The value is conventionally expressed per 1000.

General Fertility Rate (GFR)

The ratio of number of live births in a specified period to the average number of women of child bearing age in the population during the period. It is commonly given as a value per 1000, and can be expressed as

                                                        GFR = B/FP_15-49

Where B is the total number of birth and FP15_-49 is the female population in the reproductive age range.

Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR)

Number of live births occurring to women of a particular age or age group normally expressed per 1000 women in the same age- group in a given year. It is usually calculated for 5 years age groups from 15-19 to 40-44 or 15-19 to 45-49.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The sum of the Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFR) over the whole range of reproductive ages for a particular period (usually a year).  It can be interpreted as the number of children; a woman would have during her lifetime if she were to experience the fertility rates of period at each age.

Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR)

The average number of daughters that would be born to a woman during her lifetime if she would passed through the childbearing ages experiencing the average age-specific fertility pattern of a given year. The rate is related to the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in the following manner: GRR = TFR x proportion of female births.

Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)

The average number of daughters that would be born to a woman if she passed through her lifetime from birth confirms to the age specific fertility rates of a given year. This rate is similar to the gross reproduction rate and takes into account that some women will die before completing their childbearing years. NRR means each generation of mothers is having exactly enough daughters to replace itself in the population.

 

(c) MORTALITY related INDICATORS

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The crude death rate (CDR) is the number of deaths per 1000 mid-year population in a given year.

Child Death Rate (ChDR)

Under five mortality rates is defined as the number of deaths among children in age 1-4 per 1000 mid-year population in the same age group.

Under Five Mortality Rate

The under five mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths to children under five year of age per 1000 live births in a given year.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of deaths occurring during a given year among the live-born infants who have not reached their first birthday, divided by the number of live births in the given year and usually expressed per 1000 live births.

Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR)

The neonatal mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths of infants under one month of age during a year per 1000 live births in that year.

Post Neonatal Mortality Rate (PNMR)

The post neonatal mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths of infants of age 1 month through 11 months   per 1000 live births in that year.

Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)

The maternal mortality ratio is defined as the number of total deaths of women due to complications of pregnancy, child birth and puerperal per 1000 live births during a year.

Life Expectancy at Birth

Expectation of life is the average remaining lifetime or the average number of year of life remaining at the beginning of age. Expectation of life at birth (e ^o_o) is the average number of years of life remaining at beginning, i.e. ‘0’ year of age.

Natural growth rate (NGR)

The natural growth rate is the difference between crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) expressed in percentage.

Crude Marriage Rate (CMR)

CMR is the ratio of marriages in a given year to the mid-year population of that year.

Maternal Mortality Rate

Number of maternal deaths due to pregnancy reasons to the number of mothers expressed in 1000.

(d) NUPTIALITY related INDICATORS

Crude Marriage Rate (CMR)

Crude Marriage Rate is defined as the number of marriages solemnized per thousand mid year population irrespective of their marital status.

OR

CMR is the ratio of marriages in a given year to the mid-year population of that year.

Age Specific Marriage Rate (ASMR)

ASMR is defined as the relative number of marriage per 1000 population of specific age group

Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM)

SMAM is defined as an estimate of the mean number of years lived by cohort of women before their first marriage. This is an indices method of estimation the mean age at marriage.

Crude Divorce Rate

Crude Divorce Rate is a relative number of divorces per 1000 population.

General Divorce Rate

General Divorce Rate is a relative number of divorces of population of age 15+ years per 1000 population of the same age group.

Crude Separation Rate

Crude separation rate is a relative number of separations per 1000 population.

General Separation Rate
Relative number of separations of persons of age 15+ years to total population of the same age-group.

General Marriage Rate (GMR)

GMR is the relative number of marriage of population aged 15+ years per 1000 population of the same group.

(e) MIGRATION related INDICATORS

Migration is defined in this survey as the movement of person who changes his/her place of residence for a period of six months or more expect for marriage. The time period for the migration due to marriage is not fixed.

Migration Rate (MR)

The in and out migration rate is defined as the number of in or out migration per 1000 mid-year population of a particular area for a specified time interval.

Internal Migration

Migration that takes place within the country.

Rural-to-Rural Migration

Migration that takes place from rural to rural areas of Bangladesh.

Urban –to Rural Migration

Migration that takes place from urban to rural areas.

Urban-to-Urban Migration:

Migration that takes place firm urban to urban area.

Reasons for Migration

1.      Marriage: Migrants who have changed his/her place of residence on getting married.

2.      Economic Activity: Migrant who has changed his/her place of residence for seeking employment or business.

3.      Others: Except reasons 1 & 2 all types of Migration are termed as “others”.

(f) DISABILITY related INDICATORS

Crude Disability Rate

Crude disability rate has been defined as the numbers of disable person’s per1000 population. 

(g) CONTRACEPTIVE USE related INDICATORS

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR): CPR has been defined as the percentage of couple currently practicing any contraceptive method to number of currently married women of reproductive age.